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She was 46, eight months into perimenopause, and carrying a stone of weight she hadn't put on through any change in diet or exercise. None. Her GP had run a standard thyroid panel, told her it was "within range," and sent her off with the advice she'd already heard a hundred times: eat less, move more. She was already doing both. Had been for months. Nobody had asked how her cortisol, insulin, and oestrogen were behaving together. Nobody had asked what her gut and liver were

Reflux and heartburn are commonly blamed on excess stomach acid. That assumption has shaped decades of treatment. Yet clinical observation and biochemistry tell a different story. In many cases, reflux reflects impaired digestion and insufficient gastric acid.